Mister President & May it Please the Executive: Causal Barriers to Court-Packing

Author(s)

Mason SmithFollow

Presentation Type

Oral Presentation

Presentation Type

Submission

Keywords

court-packing, democracy, law, institutions, norms, process tracing

Department

Political Science

Major

Political Science

Abstract

As attacks on democracy have become increasingly ubiquitous, scholarship has begun to shed light on a common, effective, and inimical means of subverting governments accountable to the masses: court-packing. So, how can democracies prevent court-packing? Among many implicit causal theories taken from the extant research, which hasn’t directly tackled this problem, two seem the most plausible and ripe for analysis, suggesting that court-packing’s success turns on either the strength (i) of institutional constraints or (ii) of domestic judicial norms. To see which theory works better in practice, I use a narrowly tailored iteration of comparative process tracing, as it best aligns with the two theories and the evidence they focus on, particularly vis-à-vis court-packing cases in Poland, Argentina, Hungary, and Israel. Two cases, Poland and Israel, emerge as the most intriguing for analysis, since Argentina and Hungary lie on theoretical extremes. The two cases highlight the careful interplay between judicial norms and how they influence those with draconian ambitions, and how they can spur them to stymie their own court-packing measures—a mechanism that the processes reveal to be much more effective than nebulous, and often avoidable, structural constraints. That finding indicates that a strong culture of judicial norms and their pervasiveness must be considered a proven method of maintaining an independent, robust judiciary—something that, given the world we live in, future scholarship should test through other methods and cases.

Faculty Mentor

Joel S. Fetzer

Funding Source or Research Program

Political Science Honors Program

Location

Black Family Plaza Classroom 188

Start Date

10-4-2026 3:00 PM

End Date

10-4-2026 3:15 PM

Comments

Consistent with the requirements of the political science honors program deadlines, I will submit the PDF file of the presentation shortly. 

This document is currently not available here.

Share

COinS
 
Apr 10th, 3:00 PM Apr 10th, 3:15 PM

Mister President & May it Please the Executive: Causal Barriers to Court-Packing

Black Family Plaza Classroom 188

As attacks on democracy have become increasingly ubiquitous, scholarship has begun to shed light on a common, effective, and inimical means of subverting governments accountable to the masses: court-packing. So, how can democracies prevent court-packing? Among many implicit causal theories taken from the extant research, which hasn’t directly tackled this problem, two seem the most plausible and ripe for analysis, suggesting that court-packing’s success turns on either the strength (i) of institutional constraints or (ii) of domestic judicial norms. To see which theory works better in practice, I use a narrowly tailored iteration of comparative process tracing, as it best aligns with the two theories and the evidence they focus on, particularly vis-à-vis court-packing cases in Poland, Argentina, Hungary, and Israel. Two cases, Poland and Israel, emerge as the most intriguing for analysis, since Argentina and Hungary lie on theoretical extremes. The two cases highlight the careful interplay between judicial norms and how they influence those with draconian ambitions, and how they can spur them to stymie their own court-packing measures—a mechanism that the processes reveal to be much more effective than nebulous, and often avoidable, structural constraints. That finding indicates that a strong culture of judicial norms and their pervasiveness must be considered a proven method of maintaining an independent, robust judiciary—something that, given the world we live in, future scholarship should test through other methods and cases.