In 2007, the United States Anti-Doping Association (USADA) accused American professional cyclist Floyd Landis of having committed doping violations during the Tour de France, which he had won the year before. Landis requested that the resulting arbitration hearing, which was held at the Pepperdine University School of Law, be open to the public. Ultimately, the arbitral panel ruled 2 to 1 in favor of the USADA.